Whitepaper 5G - Opportunity and Challenge

The background to the topic of 5G

Telecommunications traffic via mobile radio is now widespread worldwide. The frequencies form the foundation for this. The rights to use the 5G frequencies were auctioned off to a total of four groups in 2019 for just under 6.6 billion euros. Blocks in the 2 gigahertz and 3.6 gigahertz frequency ranges were auctioned off. Most money was paid for the 2-gigahertz blocks. This can be explained by the higher range and thus lower number of base stations.

Since the shutdown of the 3G network in 2021, the freed-up frequencies for 4G and 5G are now also available. The fifth generation of mobile communications is intended to meet the growing demand for higher data rates and higher data volumes and thus open up new possibilities for users. The 5G technology is based on LTE and will initially be rolled out by mobile network providers primarily in urban areas. Due to the expensively purchased licences and the expansion costs, a mass market must take the high investments into account.

The focus is also on expansion in rural areas where cable networks and access to broadband technologies are currently lacking. The pandemic in particular has shown how video-on-demand, online gaming and the use of home offices put a strain on bandwidth requirements. For Industry 4.0, the Federal Network Agency has reserved special frequencies for campus networks, which can be used privately and locally for a fee.

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